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All products have a particular life span, which is called the product life cycle. The length of time a product is on the market is largely contingent upon its competition, technology and even the ...

Branding is the use of a name, term, symbol or design to give a product a unique identity in the marketplace. Marketers have three major strategic options: manufacturer branding vs. private labels; ...

White-label products are sold by retailers but made by third parties, allowing price undercutting. Retailers branding white-label products themselves foster customer loyalty by exclusivity.