Lightning protection in photovoltaic (PV) systems is a critical area of study as these installations are increasingly exposed to atmospheric discharges that can substantially disrupt energy production ...

Residential PV systems are generally installed on the rooftop of residential buildings, with a large metal surface area, higher distance from the ground and an exposed location. Such PV systems are ...

Electrical substations utilize direct lightning stroke shielding to help ensure proper operation, and to prevent costly damages and extended outages. While modern substation designs and equipment make ...

Scientists in the Emirates have developed a novel lightning mast layout that reportedly eliminates shading effect on PV panels. The proposed approach also addresses earth grid requirements under ...

A line of telecom line-protection modules protects T1/E1 line-card circuits in central-office and customer-premises applications. The parts offer lightning-surge protection of 800 V/100 A for 2/10 µs, ...